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The kodkod (Leopardus guigna) (Spanish pronunciation: [koðˈkoð]), also called güiña, is the smallest cat in the Americas. It lives primarily in central and southern Chile and marginally in adjoining areas of Argentina. Its area of distribution is small compared to the other South American cats. Since 2002, it has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List as the total effective population may comprise less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is threatened due to persecution and loss of habitat and prey base.[1]
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Characteristics
The kodkod's fur color ranges from brownish-yellow to grey-brown. It has dark spots, a pale underside and a ringed tail. The ears are black with a white spot, while the dark spots on the shoulders and neck almost merge to form a series of dotted streaks. Melanistic kodkods with spotted black coats are quite common. It has a small head, large feet, and a thick tail. Adult kodkods are 37 to 51 cm (15 to 20 in) in head to body length with a short 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in) tail and a shoulder height of about 25 cm (9.8 in).[3] Weight ranges between 2 and 2.5 kg (4.4 and 5.5 lb).[4]
Taxonomy
Felis guigna was the scientific name used in 1782 by Juan Ignacio Molina who first described a kodkod from Chile.[5] Felis tigrillo was the name used in 1844 by Heinrich Rudolf Schinz.[6]
The genus Leopardus was proposed in 1842 by John Edward Gray, when he described two spotted cat skins from Central America and two from India in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London.[7] The subgenus Oncifelis was proposed in 1851 by Nikolai Severtzov with the Geoffroy's cat as type species.[8][9] The kodkod was subordinated to Leopardus in 1958,[10] and to Oncifelis in 1978.[11]
Today, the genus Leopardus is widely recognized as valid, with two kodkod subspecies:[12]
L. g. guigna (Molina, 1782) occurs in southern Chile and Argentina
L. g. tigrillo (Schinz, 1844) occurs in central and northern Chile